这篇文章是一位大人的硕士学位论文，原发在中文上有看到。
在前面原来还有这样一段，大概是转的时候漏掉了，我也一起粘过来了。
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四 川 大 学
硕 士 学 位 论 文
题 目 真实性与严肃主旨——托尔金笔下的《魔戒》世界
作 者 马千 完成日期 2005年3月20日
培 养 单 位 四 川 大 学 中文系
指 导 教 师 易丹 教 授
专 业 比较文学与世界文学
研 究 方 向 英美文学
授予学位日期 年 月 日
真实性与严肃主旨
——托尔金笔下的《魔戒》世界
论文提要
这篇论文产生的最初动力来自于笔者对托尔金小说的喜爱。不幸的是，托尔金的经典——《魔戒》，在国内却总是得不到应有的重视。由于某些可悲的“误会”，人们往往轻易的低估了这部小说的价值和影响。《魔戒》以及类似的奇幻作品，往往被归于儿童读物或者成年人的童话。在这篇论文里，我将尽量改变这种偏见，并且证明，《魔戒》的世界是真实的，《魔戒》的主题是严肃的。实际上，它不仅仅是一部小说，更是一部史诗作品。
本论文共分八章，以及附录。
第一章介绍了笼罩在《魔戒》之上的种种偏见和争议，同时指出了托尔金本人对于神话的独特态度，并且简要提出对这部小说真实性的看法。同时，提供对托尔金生平的简要介绍。
第二章 着力于解决托尔金作品的神话来源问题。我将指出《魔戒》实际上是来源于欧洲历史上真实存在过的北欧神话体系。他竭力让小说的每个细节与《埃达》，以及其他古日耳曼史诗、传奇相符，以便让读者相信《魔戒》是北欧神话的一部分。通过这样的方式，他能够达到某种重构失落的神话或史诗的目的。
第三章谈到了《魔戒》特殊的语言。托尔金创造了它们以便让他的小说具有某种史诗的真实。同时，我们也可由此看出作者的创作态度是非常严谨的。
第四章谈论的话题是《魔戒》中的酒。我希望通过一番考证，判定《魔戒》的设定，在这个角度上，符合了古北欧的实际情况。
第五章是关于《魔戒》中的巫术成分。它包括两个部分，即国王崇拜和对树的崇拜。我认为这些成分都是在某个角度为《魔戒》的真实性服务。
第六章阐明了《魔戒》世界是非基督教的。虽然托尔金本人是一个虔诚的基督徒，但他在小说中并不掩饰他对基督教的疏远和对北欧异教的偏爱。
而在第七章，我将回答为什么托尔金对北欧异教的喜爱超过了自己的宗教。基督教已成为欧洲现代社会的一部分，而古北欧异教则象征着某种更加“纯洁”的社会。托尔金渴望揭示我们这个时代随着所谓的“社会进步”带来的令现代人越发痛苦的怪圈，同时，指引我们如何摆脱它。因此，他的小说自然不是给孩童的或供娱乐的，其主题是严肃的。
最后我将总结本文得出的《魔戒》的两个特点——真实性和主题的严肃性。它们才是托尔金的作品在超过半世纪的时间中吸引了广大读者的真正原因。
本文的附录部分包括若干图片：托尔金的肖像、两张关于北欧如尼文以及《魔戒》中特殊字母的图片，两张地图，以及三份族谱。
关键词
神话 真实性 严肃性
Abstract
This thesis grew out of my love for the fictional works of J.R.R. Tolkien .Unfortunately, Tolkien’s classic, The Lord of the Rings, is usually ignored in our country. Because of some sad misunderstanding, It is very easy now for someone to underestimate the worth and impact of this intriguing novel. They thought The Lord of the Rings , and other fantasy fictions, were totally books for children or daydreams for adults. In my thesis, I will try to change people’s prejudice and prove that The Lord of the Rings’ world is real and its theme is solemn. In fact, it is not only a fiction but also an epic.
The thesis is divided into eight chapters and one appendix.
Chapter One first gives a introduction of the misunderstanding and dispute about The Lord of the Rings, as well as lines out the attitude of Tolkien’s own, and, gives an overview of the special reality of this fiction. Also, A short biography of the author follows.
Chapter Two deals with the origin of mythological background of Tolkien’s fictional works. I will point that Tolkien’s myth in fact is based on the Old Norse Myths which really existed in Europe. He tries to make every detail of his story as real as Edda, and other old Germany epics, or legends. He want to let his readers believe that The Lord of the Rings is one part of the Old Norse Myths and by this way, he could rebuild some kind of lost myths and epics.
Chapter Three introduces the special languages of The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien created some new languages in order to make his fiction real and like an epic, and also, we could find that the author’s attitude is very strict.
In Chapter Four, I will talk about the wine of The Lord of the Rings and try to prove Tolkien’s design accurately imitates the true situation in The Old Norse.
Chapter Five shows the witchcraft in The Lord of the Rings. It includes two Parts, the worship of kings and the worship of trees. I believe all of them absolutely serve for the authenticity of this fiction.
Chapter Six shows the world of The Lord of the Rings in fact does not belong to Christian culture. Although Tolkien is a devout Christian, he didn’t cover up his alienation to Christianity and his favor to the North paganism.
In Chapter Seven, I will answer why Tolkien likes the old paganism much more than his own religion. Christianity is a part of modern European society but the old Norse paganism stands for some kind of PURE society . Tolkien very much wanted to reveal the trap of our times which torments modern people with society progress, and show us how to escape. Thus, his book is surely not just for children or amusement. Its theme is solemn.
Finally I will conclude my thesis by summing up two features of The Lord of the Rings, authenticity and serious theme. They are indeed the reasons why Tolkien’s books have attracted so many people for over 50 years.
The Appendix consists of some pictures. I avoid portraits of Tolkien, two pictures of Rune and some special letters in The Lord of the Rings, two maps, and three family trees.
KEY WORDS:
MYTH AUTHENTICITY SERIOUSNESS
目 录
第一章《魔戒》的争议及其简单介绍
第二章《魔戒》的神话渊源
2.1 精灵（Elves）和矮人（Dwarves）
2.3 《魔戒》诸神
2.31 关于“战神”图尔加斯（Tulkas）
2.32 关于梅尔克
2.4 关于“座狼”和龙2.5 关于“瓦里诺双树”
2.6 关于《魔戒》中的名字
2.7 两个值得注意的细节
第四章《魔戒》中的酒第五章《魔戒》中的巫术
5.1 国王崇拜与国王治病
5.2 对树的崇拜5.3为什么《魔戒》出现了巫术的内容？
第六章《魔戒》是非基督教的
第七章《魔戒》的愿望
7.1《魔戒》是反现代性的
7.2《魔戒》的英雄观和流浪精神
结束语
注释
参考文献
附录
后 记
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楼主: 独孤小嘉
发表于 2005-8-8 12:24:03
